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The NHS in the United Kingdom and Diabetes UK recommend many minerals and vitamins for diabetes type 1 and 2. The following supplements can help in case of diabetes as recommended  by Diabetes UK.

ALA and GLA

ALA (alpha-lipoic acid) is a versatile and potent antioxidant, and may function to help diabetic neuropathy and reduce pain from free-radical damage.

Also, some studies link ALA to decreased insulin resistance and thus the control of blood sugar.

GLA (gamma-lipoic acid) is another naturally occurring antioxidant that is present in evening primrose oil, borage oil and blackcurrant seed oil. GLA may improve the function of nerves damaged by diabetic neuropathy.

BIOTIN

Biotin works in synergy with insulin in the body, and independently increases the activity of the enzyme glucokinase.

Glucokinase is responsible for the first step of glucose utilisatio, and is therefore an essential component of normal bodily functioning.

Glucokinase occurs only in the liver, and in sufferers from diabetes its concentration may be extremely low. Supplements of biotin may have a significant effect on glucose levels for both type 1 and type 2 diabetics.

CARNITINE (L-CARNITINE, ACETYL L-CARNITINE)

Carnitine is required by the body in order to correctly use body fat in the production of energy. It is naturally occurring and derives from hydrophilic amino acids. Diabetics who try carnitine generally respond well, and high levels of fat in the bloodstream (cholesterol and triglycerides) may fall fast.

Carnitine helps to break down fatty acids in the body and binds acyl residues. For these reasons, it may be useful to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis.

CHROMIUM

Chromium is a crucial nutrient in the body’s fight against diabetes. By using either brewer’s yeast stocked with chromium, or chromium chloride, diabetic patients may be able to improve glucose tolerance, lower their fasting glucose levels, decrease insulin levels and cut cholesterol and triglyceride levels, whilst increasing HDL-cholesterol levels.

Several principal double-blind studies have shown that supplemental chromium may raise glucose tolerance in patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Exercise also increases the concentration of tissue chromium. Chromium may have a role to play in pre-diabetics and women suffering from gestational diabetes.

COENZYME Q10

Coenzyme Q10 is a compound that occurs naturally in the body, and may be able to help with carbohydrate metabolism. It is has been proven that animals suffering from diabetes are coenzyme Q10 deficient.

Clinical trials using coenzyme Q10 suggest that supplementation may significantly lower blood sugar levels. Coenzyme Q10 also oxygenates the blood, and therefore may be able to help in some cases of diabetic retinopathy.

INOSITOL

Inositol is an important part of several key bodily processes including the health of cell membranes and blood cholesterol levels. Furthermore, inositol may have a role to play in reversing the effects of diabetic neuropathy (nervous damage) caused by diabetes.

Manganese

A deficiency of manganese is common amongst diabetics, and in some circles it is thought to actually be a part of the cause of diabetes. Manganese could be a key co-factor in the way enzymes within the body handle glucose metabolism.

MANGANESE

Magnesium tends to decline in people with diabetes, and may fall to dangerously low levels amongst those suffering from severe diabetic retinopathy.

Magnesium deficiency has been shown to directly influence the blood sugar control of type 2 diabetics.

Magnesium deficiency may interrupt the insulin secretion process, and also increase insulin resistance.

When using supplemental magnesium, diabetics may be able to lower their insulin dosage.

NIACIN

Niacin can be for people with high cholesterol and may be used in combination with circulation treatments.

High levels of niacin may actually impair glucose tolerance and therefore some people with diabetes may be advised not to take it. Speak with your doctor if you are in doubt.

POTASSIUM

Administering insulin to the body, the treatment regime employed by many diabetics, may cause a potassium deficiency. By supplementing a healthy diet with potassium, sufferers from diabetes may improve their sensitivity to insulin, and the effectiveness of the hormone.

TAURINE

Taurine is not used in protein synthesis, but is generally found in protein-rich foods.

Type 1 diabetics often suffer from low taurine levels, and this can in turn affect the thickness of the blood and increase the risk of heart disease. Supplementary taurine for diabetic patients may be able to correct levels of blood viscosity.

VANADIUM

Vanadium supplements may lead to a slight increase in sensitivity to insulin, and may therefore allow diabetic patients to decrease the amount of insulin that they need to keep their blood sugar levels under control. Studies on both animals and humans have proved links between vanadium levels and normal blood glucose.

VITAMIN B6

Neuropathy, the severe damage caused to the nervous system by high blood sugar levels, may be associated with deficiency of vitamin B6, also known as pyridoxine.

Pyridoxine supplements may be able to improve glucose tolerance, particularly for sufferers from gestational diabetes, or impaired glucose tolerance caused by the birth control pill.

Vitamin B6 also has a strong role to play in the prevention of diabetes-related complications.

VITAMIN B12

Vitamin B12 may have a strong role to play when treating diabetic neuropathy.

The presence of vitamin b 12 is necessary for the correct functioning of nerve cells, and therefore taking it as a supplement may help to reduce nerve damage.

In extreme cases, the extra effect of intramuscular B12 may be necessary.

VITAMIN C

Type 1 diabetics generally have low vitamin C levels. By increasing the amount of vitamin c in the bloodstream, the amount of sorbitol may be lowered.

Sorbitol is a harmful sugar when it accumulates, and its presence may lead to increased risk of diabetic complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy and kidney damage. In the case of type 2 diabetics, vitamin c may play a role in improving glucose tolerance.

VITAMIN D

Vitamin D has a number of benefits for your health. Produced by the body in response to sun exposure, it is thought to help boost insulin sensitivity, which is vital for blood glucose regulation.

VITAMIN E

Vitamin E can oxygenate the blood, fight toxins and improve the activity of insulin within the body. When the body has an insufficient amount of vitamin E, internal structures can be damaged by enhanced free-radical damage.

Increasing vitamin E in the bloodstream may decrease the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes, and in type 2 diabetics may improve glucose tolerance. Furthermore, the antioxidant nature of vitamin E may reduce the risk of diabetic complications.

ZINC

The presence of a zinc deficiency in the body has also been suggested to contribute to the development of diabetes in some humans.

Zinc itself may be a crucial element in insulin metabolism. Zinc is well-known as a powerful guardian against viral infections, and may also act to protect beta cells from destruction. Type 1 diabetics are often zinc deficient, and supplements have been shown to lower blood sugar levels in some type 1 cases.

If you are serious about building muscle, you'll want to start taking some body building vitamins and supplements. These can be a great way to increase the muscle size and strength in your body. However, you must make sure that you get the right vitamins and minerals. There are many types of vitamins and minerals that can support the growth of muscles and other body parts. While multivitamins are great to have on hand, they aren't specifically designed for body builders. While they can be helpful to the overall health of your organism, it is more important to get good quality vitamin and mineral supplements.

While eating a healthy diet and doing physical exercises is the best way to get the protein you need to build muscle mass, you will also need to take supplements. This will help you build more muscle mass faster, which can result in more definition. There are many benefits of taking a multivitamin. It will boost your immune system and make your skin look younger. It will also make your muscles stronger and more resilient. There are a variety of vitamins and minerals that you can use to supplement your diet.

In addition to protein, you should also include amino acids in your diet. Branched-chain amino acids are essential for building muscle mass. Pre-workout blends and high-protein drinks are among the most common types of bodybuilding supplements. They may contain HMB, or ZMA. All of these ingredients are great for building muscle. In addition to vitamins and minerals, you should avoid taking too many in one day.

Your doctor can prescribe you with the right combination of nutrients and vitamins that will help you build muscles. In addition, you should also check your nutrition with a nutritionist to ensure that you're getting the best results. If you're worried about losing muscle mass, you should consult a doctor before you start taking any supplements. If you're looking to build more muscle, consider these essential nutrients. If you're not getting enough, take the appropriate amount of food.

It's important to take a wide range of vitamins and minerals, but you should also take vitamin D. The B12 is particularly important as it helps with the production of red blood cells. Likewise, vitamin D helps with muscle repair. It's important for the body to be adequately nourished. It's also important to take calcium and phosphorus, as these are essential for the body's metabolism. The B12 is needed for energy and bone health.

The benefits of using body building vitamins and supplements are well documented. A healthy diet is essential for building muscle. If you're not getting the right nutrition, your body will suffer and deteriorate in strength. By taking the right amount of calcium and magnesium, you can increase your stamina and boost muscle mass. The nutrients you'll need in your diet can help you gain lean muscle mass. It's essential to get the proper balance of these supplements.

A body building vitamin is crucial for a strong body. Without adequate amounts of these vitamins and minerals, your muscles will become undernourished and will not be able to grow. The beta-carotene in fish oil can also improve the growth of red blood cells. It's essential for you to consume more water to build more muscle. It helps you grow stronger. When you're training, you need to drink water.

Branched chain amino acids are a good way to build lean muscle and increase the strength of your muscles. Moreover, branched chain amino acids are vital for muscle growth. They help maintain the red blood cells and improve the synthesis of new ones. This protein is crucial for muscle growth. The body requires the right nutrients to develop and recover. This is why it's crucial to consume the right vitamins and supplements to ensure that your muscles grow in a healthy way.

The benefits of body building vitamins and supplements are countless. There are a number of vitamins and supplements that can enhance the performance of your body. The vitamins and minerals in the body are essential for the formation of collagen and other tissue. Furthermore, they can protect your muscles from oxidative stress. They are essential for the growth of muscle. They can also aid in fat loss and build lean muscles. And don't forget to dietary control.

Nov 2021, Mailonline 

A teenage showjumper is suing a GP over his alleged failure to tell her mother to take folic acid before she was conceived.  

Paralympic hopeful Evie Toombes, from Skegness, has limited mobility after being born in 2001 with a form of spina bifida.

Through her mother Caroline Toombes, the 19-year-old has now brought the first step of a compensation claim against Dr Philip Mitchell, her mother's former GP.  

Evie alleges that Dr Mitchell negligently failed to recommend that her mother should increase her intake of folic acid, a lack of which increases the risk of an unborn child developing spina bifida.

She claims that, were it not for the doctor's alleged negligence, her mother would have started taking the supplement and would therefore have delayed conception and had a 'genetically different' child without disabilities.

Evie was born with a form of Spina Bifida, a defect which causes a gap in the spine and affects the nerves to her legs, bladder and bowel, but her passion for horse-riding gave her a purpose in life. 

Dr Mitchell was working at the Hawthorn Medical Practice in Skegness when he treated Evie's mother. 

Her claim, which is 'comprehensively disputed' by Dr Mitchell, came before the High Court at a preliminary hearing in November for a judge to resolve legal issues before deciding whether the case could go ahead.

In a ruling on Monday, Mrs Justice Lambert concluded Ms Toombes has a 'lawful claim for damages' and can bring her claim against the defendant.

Folic acid, which is also known as vitamin B9, is essential to healthy development during early pregnancy and a deficiency can lead to neural tube defects in the foetus such as spina bifida.

Women who are trying to become pregnant are advised to take a daily supplement of 400 micrograms of folic acid before they conceive and during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.

But many women do not follow the advice and the Government's scientific advisers recommended as long ago as 2006 that folic acid be added to flour to ensure women do not suffer deficiencies. 

Evie said: 'This feels like a momentous step, not only for myself - but for any other person who finds themselves in my position with a challenging life ahead of them. 

'I hope this landmark case also helps to bring attention to the cause, and in turn provide awareness and prevent further scenarios like this that could happen to families.'

Her mother Caroline Toombes added: 'Evie has endured immense challenges throughout her life. Knowing that these health issues may well have been preventable with the correct advice (which I sought pre-conception) is extremely tough.'

'I am also proud that Evie has chosen to use her experiences to assist others. Evie requires a great amount of support and as a family we are dedicated to helping her achieve her goals.'

Three years ago Evie began suffering from gastro-intestinal problems which saw her vomiting whenever she ate. 

She was diagnosed with gastroparesis, a condition that affects the normal spontaneous movement of the muscles in the stomach.

Evie's condition means she can only tolerate small amounts of soft oral food and is unable to get enough nutrition to sustain her without causing severe vomiting, fluid loss, bowel impaction or risking internal bleeds.

The showjumper was set to undergo stoma surgery on March 31 in an effort to ease her symptoms but the procedure was postponed due to the outbreak.

After her March surgery was cancelled, the teenager's health dramatically declined, with her BMI dropping dangerously low to 12.7 and emergency infusions of potassium at a local hospital.

The operation was expected to dramatically ease her symptoms and improve her condition. 

The horse-loving showjumper would also normally be given intravenous treatment in hospital to ensure her body gets the nutrients it needs but the risks posed to her by the current pandemic meant it was too risky.

In an update on December 12, her mother Caroline wrote on Facebook: 'What a whirlwind couple of days!

'Most importantly getting Evie home & celebrating her bday as she spent it on the high dependency unit last month. 

'No visiting or presents - but just pleased there's progress now.'

Earlier this month the teenager was treated to a drop in from the Duke of Sussex as she did a zoom meeting with WellChild, the national charity for sick children.

Evie met the Duke and his wife Meghan Markle in 2018 at a WellChild charity event where she won the Inspiration Young Person Award. 

Evie, whose motto is 'find a way, not an excuse', spends her time mentoring other children with disabilities and healthy issues and takes her children's book into schools to give talks about hidden disabilities.